MedicationsSupplements and Vitamins home > neurology center > neurology a-z list > rugby player head injuries linked to brain decline article

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FRIDAY, May 22, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- Add rugby to the sports that can lead to degenerative brain disease, a new study suggests.

The first case of a rugby player who died from chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) -- a condition associated with repeated concussions -- is outlined in a new study.

To date, the link between brain injuries and chronic traumatic encephalopathy has mostly been made in football players and boxers, the researchers said.

The patient in the new case reported playing rugby from his early teens until age 50, playing just below the international standard for much of that time. He died at age 57, six years after developing the first symptoms of brain decline.

The man's family said he suffered many head injuries and symptoms of mild concussion over his playing career, according to the study published online May 22 in the Quarterly Journal of Medicine.

A diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy was made only after he died -- as is true for all CTE cases.

Concussion rates in rugby are among the highest in contact sports, noted researcher Dr. Michael Farrell in a journal news release. Farrell is a brain pathologist at Beaumont Hospital in Dublin, Ireland.

"There remains limited awareness in clinics that the condition occurs in sports outside of boxing," he and his colleagues wrote. "With increased awareness of CTE, we would suggest the diagnosis might be considered in any patient presenting to dementia services with a prior history to exposure of TBI [traumatic brain injury]."

-- Robert Preidt
Copyright © 2015 HealthDay. All rights reserved.SOURCE: Quarterly Journal of Medicine, news release, May 22, 2015

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MedicationsSupplements and Vitamins home > skin center > skin a-z list > vitamin supplement linked to less skin cancer article

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WEDNESDAY, May 13, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- A cheap and easily available vitamin supplement appears to reduce a person's risk of skin cancer, new research contends.

A form of vitamin B3 called nicotinamide is linked to a reduction of non-melanoma skin cancers by 23 percent when taken twice daily, according to Australian researchers.

"It's safe, it's almost obscenely inexpensive, and it's already widely commercially available," said senior author Dr. Diona Damian, a professor of dermatology at the University of Sydney.

Nicotinamide costs less than $10 for a month's supply and is available at pharmacies and health food stores, she said.

However, more study is needed before researchers can say whether everyone would benefit from the supplement. "It's not something we'd recommend at this stage for the general population," Damian said.

The study is slated for presentation May 30 at the upcoming annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Findings presented at meetings are generally considered preliminary until they've been published in a peer-reviewed journal. Funding for this study was provided by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.

Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States, with about 5 million cases treated every year at a cost of about $4.8 billion, Damian said.

Common skin cancers tend to grow slowly and can be cured if found and treated early, according to the American Cancer Society (ACS). These types of skin cancer include basal and squamous cell carcinoma. A more dangerous type of skin cancer called melanoma accounts for just 73,000 cases a year, according to the ACS.

Ultraviolet rays from the sun cause most skin cancers by damaging the DNA of skin cells, Damian said.

UV radiation also hampers the body's ability to fight off cancer, depleting the energy that skin cells need to repair damaged DNA and profoundly suppressing the skin's immune system, she said.

Earlier studies indicated that nicotinamide can provide skin cells with an energy boost, enhancing DNA repair and strengthening the skin's immune system, Damian said.

To see whether this would help protect against skin cancer, researchers launched a clinical trial involving nearly 400 high-risk patients who'd had at least two non-melanoma skin cancers during the previous five years. Their average age was 66 and two-thirds were men. Many also had chronic health conditions, such as arthritis, high blood pressure, or heart or lung disease, according to the researchers.

Half of the group took nicotinamide twice daily for a year. The other half took a placebo. Dermatologists checked for skin cancer every three months.

The people taking nicotinamide showed immediate benefits. "This reduction in skin cancers seemed to start as early as the first three-month visit," Damian said.

By the end of the one-year study period, new non-melanoma skin cancer rates were down 23 percent in the nicotinamide group compared to the placebo group, the researchers found.

The vitamin supplement also appeared to reduce the numbers of thick, scaly patches of skin that can become cancer. Those patches were reduced in the nicotinamide group by 11 percent at three months, and by 20 percent at nine months of treatment.

However, those benefits quickly disappeared during the study's follow-up period. "When people stopped taking their tablets after 12 months, the benefit was no longer seen," Damian said. "In other words, you need to continue taking the tablets in order for them to be effective."

Nicotinamide did not appear to cause any more adverse events than the placebo, researchers said.

Damian said that nicotinamide is very different from a more commonly known form of B3 called niacin. People who take high doses of niacin can suffer from headaches, flushed skin and low blood pressure. "These side effects are not and were not seen with nicotinamide," she said.

Further studies are planned to determine if nicotinamide can help reduce skin cancers in people with suppressed immune systems, such as organ transplant recipients who have to take lifelong immune suppressive medications, researchers said. People with suppressed immune systems have skin cancer rates up to 50 times higher than those with normal immune systems, the researchers noted.

ASCO President Dr. Peter Yu said that the new study may provide doctors with a tool to head a major form of cancer off at the pass.

"We all know that we clamor for preventing rather than treating diseases, and this is a major advance for us," said Yu, director of cancer research at Palo Alto Medical Foundation. "With just a daily vitamin pill, along with sun protection and regular skin cancer screenings, people at high risk for these types of skin cancers have a good preventive plan to follow."

Copyright © 2015 HealthDay. All rights reserved.SOURCES: Diona Damian, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., professor, dermatology, University of Sydney, Australia; Peter Yu, M.D., director, cancer research, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, and president, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)

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MedicationsSupplements and Vitamins home > infectious disease center > infectious disease a-z list > genes linked to serious blood infection article

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WEDNESDAY, May 13, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- It might be possible to develop a blood test that would diagnose severe blood infections (sepsis) at an earlier stage than can be done currently, new research suggests.

Stanford University researchers have identified a pattern of gene activity associated specifically with sepsis.

Sepsis is the leading cause of hospital deaths in the United States, according to the researchers. The condition is associated with the early deaths of at least 750,000 Americans a year and costs the health care system more than $24 billion annually.

"It's critical for clinicians to diagnose sepsis accurately and quickly, because the risk of death from this condition increases with every passing hour it goes untreated," study senior author Purvesh Khatri, an assistant professor of biomedical informatics research, said in a university news release.

However, it can be difficult to distinguish sepsis from another condition called sterile inflammation.

"We think we've got the makings of a diagnostic blood test that will allow clinicians to distinguish between these two [conditions]," Khatri said.

He and his colleagues analyzed more than 2,900 blood samples from nearly 1,600 patients and found that 11 genes showed a slight increase in activity two to five days before a clinical diagnosis of sepsis could be made.

That means a blood test to detect increased activity in these genes could lead to an earlier diagnosis than with current methods and improve patients' chances of survival.

The study was published May 13 in the journal Science Translational Medicine.

-- Robert Preidt
Copyright © 2015 HealthDay. All rights reserved.SOURCE: Stanford University, news release, May 13, 2015

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